Pinus: Native Pine
Pines are unique amongst conifers, as their needles are clustered in definite numbers.
Plant care & info
Family: Pinaceae
Genus: Pinus
Common Name: Pine
From low elevation to highest, coast to far east of the Cascades, depending on species.
Evergreen, needle-like leaves bundled in twos, threes or fives. Slow to fast growing. In the wild, some species can reach up to 200′ in height. All produce cones.
Prefers full sun and good drainage. Many are tolerant of poor soils. Some make excellent container/bonsai choices.
Pines are susceptible to a variety of fungus and insect pests, though most are not severe problems in home gardens. The exceptions are white pine blister-rusts (five-needled species) and pine-shoot moths (two-needled species). Pines are also sometimes compromised in general health and vigor due to urban pollution and sites with poor drainage.
For those native to the Pacific Northwest, there are two-needled, three-needled and five-needled types, and counting the number of needles is the first step in identifying a pine’s species.
Every area of our region has its own distinct species of Pine—from the twisted shore pines found along the coast to the massively upward, bold yellow pines in vast open areas east of the Cascades.
Some are too gargantuan for the home garden and are best enjoyed in the wild or in urban parks and wild areas. Others can be kept smaller through pruning, with some even being suitable for bonsai. Of the eight or nine species native to our region, there are several that are commonly available.
Explore More Native Pines
Five-needled Pines
Pinus monticola: Western White Pine
This is the bearer of the classic Pine Cone, and is probably the most widely distributed of our native pines, even though it is highly susceptible to the white pine blister-rust disease. Easy to grow, the needles are soft and the bark has a slightly raised checkerboard texture. Though it can easily reach fifty feet in a garden setting, it is adaptable to pruning and shaping, so it can be kept smaller and more adaptable to the home garden.
Three-needled Pines
Pinus ponderosa: Ponderosa Pine
This massive, highly recognizable tree produces five-inch long needles, bristly brown cones, and sloughing puzzle bark. East of the Cascades, you’ll either find it standing alone or mixed with other conifers. Ponderosa pine can grow up to two hundred feet, with a maximum girth of fifteen to twenty feet! There is also a strain of Pinus ponderosa that is native to the Willamette Valley. It is a little smaller in stature and more adaptable to our wetter weather. This is the one typically stocked in our nursery.
Two-needled Pines
Pinus contorta var. contorta: Shore Pine
This lowland variety is found along the water in the San Juan Islands and along the coasts of Washington and Oregon.
They are smallish trees, beautiful and sparse with tiny cones. They’re often twisted and bent from the coastal winds, making them appear like oversized bonsai trees.
Pinus contorta & Pinus contorta var. murrayana: Lodgepole & Murrayana Pine
The Lodgepole Pine (Pinus contorta) and Murrayana Pine (Pinus contorta var. murrayana) are genetically similar, but look very different from each other.
The tall, straight matchstick form of the Lodgepole Pine can grow over 100’ in its native environment. It’s been used for centuries by northwest indigenous peoples for framing teepees and building lodges.
Murrayana pine (sometimes referred to as sierra pine) is dwarfed and twisted like its coastal cousin in the face of harsh, high mountain wind and weather. It grows very slowly, around 1-2 inches per year, so it takes eons to gain any size. If removed from its subalpine habitat (legally with permits of course) and grown at lower elevations, it grows slightly faster (up to 4”/yr), and its scraggly look fills in gradually, although it never shoots up like a lodgepole pine.
Find Natives for your garden
We offer a great selection of Northwest Natives from spring through fall. The plants featured are highlighted favorites, but they do not represent ALL of the plants we carry. For a more complete list, see our Northwest Native Plant List.
