Sambucus: Elderberry
Is Sambucus edible? Yes and no. Elderberry fruit is edible so long as the berries are cooked first, and indeed Elderberry jam, syrup and wine are all delicious reasons to grow Sambucus.
Plant care & info
Family: Caprifoliaceae (Honeysuckle Family)
Genus: Sambucus (sam-BOO-cus)
Common Name: Elderberry
Native to the Americas, Europe, Asia, E and NW Africa, E Australia and Tasmania. Two species are native to Oregon.
About 25 species of shrubs, small trees and perennial herbs. Flowers are small and white or pink, held in flat or round clusters. Bloom is in mid-late spring. Black, red or white fruit follows. Leaves are deciduous, compound and opposite – they have a feathery look and come in many colors; green, white and green, gold and green, gold, purple. Stems are thick, solid and covered in dots (lenticels).
In the Pacific Northwest, plants grow fast, mature around 8-12′ tall and wider. Plants as large as 20′ are common in their native habitats.
Sun to part shade – full sun for best fruit production. Moist soil, drought tolerant once established – still appreciate a nice deep drink in August.
We haven’t observed pests or diseases on ours. Plants can grow larger than anticipated and are difficult to remove, so plan ahead and allow appropriate space.
We are lucky to have two species of northwest native Elderberry: Sambucus caerulea and Sambucus racemosa.
Elderberry leaves can be green, purple or variegated which adds to their interest, and Sambucus are really easy to care for too, so long as they’re given enough room – they do get really big in Portland!
All parts of the plant except the berries are toxic to humans though, so leaves, woody stems and roots are off limits! Berries that are eaten raw can cause upset stomach and nausea so be sure to prepare them properly.
Explore More Elderberry
American Elder or Elderberry
Sambucus Canadensis: American Elder or Elderberry
The American Elderberry drips with black berries in summer. Berries are commonly used to make wine, liqueurs and pies. Two different varieties must be planted to provide pollination for fruit production. Portland Nursery carries ‘Nova’ and ‘York’. Leaves are medium green, flowers are creamy white.
Grows 5-12′ tall and wider. Can be pruned and kept on the smaller side. Prune in March.
Hardy Z2 – some selections hardy to Z4.
European or Common Elderberry
Sambucus Nigra: European or Common Elderberry
This species offers a really wide range of leaf colors and makes a great addition to the garden. The purple and green leaf forms are fast-growing and form a pretty fountain shape. They’re self-sufficient and easy to grow with few problems. Variegated (2-toned leaf) forms are a bit slower-growing with a bushier shape. They can burn in hot afternoon sun so the ideal site for variegated Sambucus is partly shaded.
'Black Beauty'
Sambucus Nigra ‘Black Beauty’
Dark purple leaves sometimes tinged green in cool weather, pink buds and pink to white flowers, black fruit.
Grows 8-12′ x 8-12′ in five years, and larger given time. Full to part sun, hardy Z4.
'Black Lace'
Sambucus Nigra ‘Black Lace’
‘Black Lace’ is easily our most popular elderberry, and with good reason. It’s strappy dark purple leaves really add drama, and they resemble the leaves of Japanese lace-leaf maples. Big clusters of pink flowers stand out against the dark leaves and are followed by black fruit. The most common concern is that ‘Black Lace’ does a little too well, and gets too big. Literature says they grow to 8-12 feet, but we’ve seen them at more like 20 feet! Which really is more like a small tree. So give it plenty of room and everyone involved will be happy.
Full to part sun, hardy Z4.
'Madonna'
Sambucus Nigra ‘Madonna’
Bright gold, white and green leaves, black fruit. Grows slower than other forms and has a bushier shape.
Grows 6-8′ x 6-8′ – part to full shade.
'Variegata'
Sambucus Nigra ‘Variegata’
Cream and green leaves, frothy cream flowers and black fruit.
Grows 8-12′ x 8-12′, part to full shade. Hardy Z4.
Find Natives for your garden
We offer a great selection of Northwest Natives from spring through fall. The plants featured are highlighted favorites, but they do not represent ALL of the plants we carry. For a more complete list, see our Northwest Native Plant List.
